Presumed joint probability density function model for turbulent combustion

A presumed joint probability density function (pdf) model of turbulent combustion is proposed in this paper. The turbulent fluctuations of reactant concentrations and temperature are described using a presumed joint pdf of three-dimensional Gaussian distribution based on first and second-order moments of reactant concentration and temperature. Mean reaction rates in both premixed and diffusion combustion are obtained by mean of integration under the presumed joint pdf. This model is applied to predict turbulent premixed combustion of sudden-expansion flow and turbulent jet diffusion methane/air flame. For turbulent premixed combustion, the predicted results of temperature distribution and maximum temperature using the proposed model agree better with the experiment than that using the conventional eddy-breakup (EBU)-Arrhenius model. For the turbulent jet diffusion methane/air flame, the predicted results of velocity, temperature and species concentrations using the proposed model, the Arrhenius, EBU-Arrhenius, and laminar flamelet models are compared with experiment data. Results obtained with the presumed pdf model and that obtained by the laminar flamelet model both agree well with experiments, while results using the other models have a significant difference. The presumed joint pdf model is used to predict the NO formation process, which also agrees well with the experiment data. A unified turbulent combustion model, in which both effects of turbulent diffusion and chemical dynamics are considered, is established for both premixed and diffusion combustion, especially for the process of NO formation.     

能效优先的用户关联与功率控制协同优化机制

在异构蜂窝网络中,针对系统的能效,提出了一种基于效用函数最大化模型的用户关联与功率控制协同优化方案,该方案表示为非线性混合整数问题。为了求得该问题的最优解,设计了一种迭代算法,首先将原问题转换为带参数的多项式形式的问题,在外层循环利用Dinkelbach方法求得最佳的能效因子,然后在内层循环分别求得最佳的用户关联矩阵和传输功率。最终实验结果表明,用户关联与功率控制协同的优化方案在能效和负载平衡方面比固定功率条件下的用户关联策略的性能更优。     

木质素胶粘剂的开发和应用

木质素作为植物中蕴藏量仅次于纤维素的高聚物,是一种廉价易得,储量丰富,环境友好的可再生天然资源。文章主要就木质素的结构和性能以及在各类用途胶粘剂中的应用作了详细的概述。     

软件定义网络中利用IMKVS结合NFV的分布式网络负载均衡策略

社交网络和其他云应用程序应该能对从数据中心发出的请求作出快速响应,实现这种请求的技术之一是内存中的键值存储（IMKVS）,它是一种缓存机制,目的是为了提高整体用户体验。一般地,IMKVS系统使用一致性哈希来决定在哪存储目标,一致性哈希使用起来方法简单,但可能引起网络负载的不平衡。为了提高IMKVS的缓存性能,提出一种软件定义网络中利用IMKVS结合NFV的分布式网络负载均衡策略。该策略包含两个阶段,第一阶段设计通用的SDN负载平衡器的模块,以运行不同的负载平衡算法;第二阶段是基于IMKVS的专业化缓存,可以实现通信管理和数据复制。仿真结果表明,相比于一致性哈希,缓存服务器上的负载可改善24%,网络上的负载可改善7%,策略能够使资源利用更合理,获得更好的用户体验。     

Reaction pathway of benzonitrile formation during toluene ammoxidation on vanadium phosphate catalysts

The reaction pathway of the ammoxidation of toluene on (VO)₂P₂O₇ used as catalyst and the interaction of potential intermediates with the pyrophosphate were studied by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, EPR), temperature-programmed chemisorptions/ reactions (TPD, TPRS) and transient studies such as the temporal analysis of products (TAP) technique. NH₃ is chemisorbed on the catalyst surface, forming three different species, i.e., NH ₄ ⁺ ions located on BrØnsted sites, coordinatively bound NH₃ on Lewis sites and NH ₂ ^– groups, presumably P-NH₂. Toluene that is probably adsorbed on Lewis sites reacts in a first step to a benzyl radical. A subsequent partial oxidation by interaction of V^IV=O groups generates a V...O=CH-C₆H₅ surface structure. This benzaldehyde-like surface species reacts with adsorbed NH₃ according to a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. TAP experiments on ammonium-containing vanadium phosphates revealed that NH ₄ ⁺ ions could act as potential N-insertion species. No formation of benzylamine as well as the generation of V=NH surface groups as possible intermediates or N-insertion sites were observed.     

改性脂环胺固化剂的合成与性能

固化剂对环氧树脂的性能有着决定性的影响。合成了一种改性脂环胺类环氧树脂固化剂,探讨了合成工艺条件与固化剂性能的关系。合成的固化剂用于配制环氧树脂建筑结构胶,胶粘剂的综合性能良好,能满足GB50367—2006《混凝土结构加固设计规范》对结构胶的要求。     

环氧树脂柔性固化剂研究综述

环氧树脂柔性固化剂种类众多，主要介绍改性脂肪族胺、脂环族胺、柔韧性酸酐、聚合物类环氧树脂柔性固化剂研究进展。认为对固化剂分子进行没计，开发合成柔性固化剂来增韧环氧树脂，可提高环氧固化物性能。     

探讨低温固化涂料固化剂的选用

选择了国内外几种环氧固化剂,配制成环氧树脂涂料,比较了环氧涂料的物理性能和防腐性能,考察了环氧涂料在不同温度下的固化情况,探讨了固化剂对低温施工性能的影响。     

Numerical study on the turbulent reacting flow in the vicinity of the injector of an LDPE tubular reactor

Three-dimensional (3-D), transient numerical simulations of the turbulent reacting flow in the vicinity of the initiator injection point of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) tubular reactor using a large eddy simulation (LES) approach combined with a filtered density function (FDF) technique are presented. The numerical approach allows for detailed predictions of the turbulent flow field and the associated (passive and reactive) scalar mixing. The aim is to study the influence of the injector geometry and initiator injection temperature on the LDPE process in terms of product quality (average polymer chain length, and polydispersity) and process efficiency (such as initiator consumption).     

微波技术在环境保护领域中的应用

对当前微波辐射技术在环保领域的应用和研究状况进行了综述，着重介绍了微波加热机理及其特点，在废水、废气、固体废弃物的处理，环保材料的研制，环境监测等方面的应用，讨论了应用中存在的一些问题，并展望了微波技术在环保领域的应用前景。